ГДЗ по английскому языку 10 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 71

## Итоговые ответы ### Exercise 3 **a) Match the highlighted words to their meanings & Sentences:** 1. **put up with** — *endure* *Sentence:* I could not endure the pain any longer and had to see a doctor. 2. **not moving** — *motionless* *Sentence:* The cat stood completely motionless, waiting for the mouse to come out. 3. **cried out** — *yelped* *Sentence:* The puppy yelped when I accidentally stepped on its paw. 4. **hidden** — *concealed* *Sentence:* The treasure was concealed deep inside the cave. 5. **sparkled** — *glittered* *Sentence:* The morning dew glittered in the bright sunlight. 6. **huge** — *monstrous* *Sentence:* A monstrous wave hit the shore during the storm. 7. **shine** — *gleam* *Sentence:* The gleaming surface of the lake looked beautiful at sunrise. 8. **extreme happiness** — *ecstasy* *Sentence:* He was in ecstasy when he learned that he had passed all his exams. 9. **because** — *as / for* *Sentence:* We decided to stay at home, as it was raining heavily. --- **b) Dictionary definitions and Russian translations of the words in bold:** * **clearing** — an open space in a forest where there are no trees (*поляна / прогалина*). * **balancing** — keeping steady and not falling (*балансирующий / удерживающий равновесие*). * **three-toed** — having three toes on each foot (*трёхпалый*). * **sheen** — a soft, smooth shine on a surface (*блеск / глянец*). * **clumsy** — moving in an awkward, not graceful way (*неуклюжий*). * **waddling** — walking with short steps, swaying from side to side (*переваливающийся / ходьба вразвалку*). * **thuds** — dull, heavy sounds of something falling (*глухие удары / стуки*). * **bunch** — a group of things growing or fastened together (*пучок / охапка / ветка*). * **furious** — extremely angry (*разъярённый / бешеный*). * **comrades** — friends or companions sharing the same activity (*товарищи / спутники*). * **ironic** — showing a subtle form of humour or sarcasm (*ироничный*). --- ### Exercise 4 **Words meaning *big* from the extract:** * **huge** — *The castle was surrounded by huge stone walls.* * **monstrous** — *A monstrous shadow appeared on the wall.* * **great** — *We saw a great waterfall in the middle of the jungle.* * **broad** — *The giant had broad shoulders and strong arms.* --- ### Exercise 5 | Types of animal (виды животных) | Parts of body (части тела) | | :--- | :--- | | reptile, elephant, lizard, beast, crocodile, kangaroo, dinosaur | skin, scales, tails, feet, brain, muscles, hand, claws, toes | --- ### Exercise 6 **a) Who / What is compared to:** * **little children?** — The baby dinosaurs (playing together clumsily). * **elephants?** — The baby dinosaurs (in their enormous size). * **a human hand?** — The dinosaur’s five-fingered front feet / forepaws. * **a lizard?** — The skin and scales of the dinosaurs. * **great beasts?** — The adult dinosaurs. * **crocodiles?** — The skin / general reptilian appearance of the dinosaurs. * **kangaroos?** — The baby dinosaurs (hopping on their back legs). **b) Adjectives describing each subject:** * **The baby dinosaurs:** *playful, excited, unusual* * **The adult dinosaurs:** *huge, strong, unintelligent* * **The two professors and the narrator:** *amazed, overjoyed* **Textual evidence (обоснование по тексту):** * The baby dinosaurs played like children, hopping around (*playful, excited*). * The adults were larger than any known creatures and possessed enormous physical power, but had tiny brains (*huge, strong, unintelligent*). * The scientists were standing in *motionless amazement* and smiling with *ecstasy / overjoyed* at the sight of living prehistoric creatures. --- ### Exercise 7 **Explanation of the underlined phrases:** * **died away into a whisper** — became quieter and quieter until it turned into a soft whisper (*замерло, перейдя в шепот*). * **slate-coloured** — having a dark bluish-grey colour like slate stone (*грифельно-серый / сланцевый цвет*). * **clumsy play** — awkward, uncoordinated games and movements (*неуклюжая игра*). * **broad smile** — a wide, happy, and satisfied facial expression (*широкая улыбка*). * **motionless amazement** — a state of being so astonished and stunned that one cannot move (*неподвижное изумление*). --- ### Exercise 8 (Writing Portfolio) Dear Alex, I am writing to you from our camp deep in the Amazon basin. You will never believe what we have just discovered! Earlier today, we tracked strange footprints into a clearing and saw five living dinosaurs — two huge adults and three young ones. Even the babies were the size of elephants! They had shimmering, slate-coloured scaly skin and balanced on their powerful tails. The young ones were playing clumsily, hopping around like gigantic kangaroos. Professors Challenger and Summerlee were in complete ecstasy, and we all stood frozen in amazement. It feels like stepping millions of years back in time. I will write more as soon as we make new discoveries. Best wishes, John --- ## Подробное объяснение и разбор заданий 1. **Задание 3 (Лексика):** * В части **3a** требуется найти контекстные синонимы из текста *The Lost World* А. Конан Дойла (Module 4, Spotlight 10). Составленные предложения должны демонстрировать точное грамматическое и семантическое употребление слов. * В части **3b** толкование слов дается через прямое словарное значение на английском с переводом на русский язык. 2. **Задание 4 (Синонимы слова *big*):** * В тексте для передачи масштаба древних ящеров автор использует богатый ряд синонимов: *huge* (огромный), *monstrous* (чудовищный по размеру), *great* (великий, крупный), *broad* (широкий, массивный). 3. **Задание 5 (Классификация лексики):** * Лексика группируется по двум темам: фауна (*types of animal*) и анатомия животных (*parts of body*). 4. **Задание 6 (Художественные сравнения и характеристика персонажей):** * Автор активно использует сравнения (*similes* и *metaphors*), чтобы передать читателю необычный вид и повадки динозавров: детеныши сопоставляются с детьми по поведению и со слонами по размеру; лапы — с человеческой кистью; кожа — с чешуей крокодила и ящерицы. 5. **Задание 7 (Идиоматические выражения):** * Фразы объясняются своими словами (paraphrasing), демонстрируя понимание переносного и стилистического смысла английских выражений. 6. **Задание 8 (Письменная речь):** * Личное неофициальное письмо (*informal letter*) оформлено по всем правилам: неформальное приветствие, вводная часть, основное описание увиденного в прошедшем времени (*Past Simple* / *Past Continuous*), выражение эмоций и неформальное прощание.