ГДЗ по английскому языку 10 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 75

### Итоговый ответ #### 1 a **Answer:** The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world. It is a 2,300-kilometre long living structure located off the coast of Australia that is so massive it can even be seen from space. --- #### 1 b **Answer:** * **waste water:** Polluted water from sinks, showers, and drains that can harm corals and damage the marine ecosystem. * **crystal clear water:** The pure, transparent water that reefs and marine life need to survive and stay healthy. * **living organism:** A coral reef is not just rock; it is a living organism made up of millions of tiny creatures called coral polyps. * **breeding ground:** An area where marine animals, such as fish and whales, gather to reproduce and care for their young. * **humpback whales:** Large sea mammals from Antarctica that travel to the Great Barrier Reef because it serves as their breeding ground. * **natural treasure:** A valuable, unique natural environment (like the Great Barrier Reef) that must be conserved for future generations. --- #### 2 a 1. **largest** 2. **be seen** 3. **have fallen** 4. **anyone** *(или **anything**)* 5. **living** 6. **their** 7. **someone** --- #### 2 b **Vocabulary explanations:** * **drastically** — severely, suddenly and to a very large degree (*резко, значительно*). * **colonies** — large groups of individual organisms living closely together (*колонии*). * **detergents** — chemical liquids or powders used for washing and cleaning (*моющие средства*). * **bleaches** — strong chemical substances used to whiten things or kill germs (*отбеливатели, хлорные средства*). * **authorities** — official organizations or people in power who enforce laws (*власти, официальные органы*). * **endangered** — at risk of becoming extinct (*находящийся под угрозой исчезновения*). * **shells** — hard outer coverings of sea animals such as molluscs (*раковины, панцири*). * **conserve** — to protect from damage, loss, or waste (*сохранять, сберегать*). --- #### 3 **Sample dialogue / discussion:** * **A:** Tourists are advised not to throw rubbish into the sea because chemicals and plastic pollute the water and kill marine creatures. * **B:** Yes, and they are also told not to use harsh detergents and bleaches near the beach, because these substances are poisonous to corals. * **A:** That’s true. Furthermore, tourists shouldn't buy pieces of coral or shells as souvenirs because taking them damages the ecosystem and encourages illegal trade. * **B:** Exactly. They must never fish illegally either, as many fish and turtles are already endangered. --- #### 4 (ICT Portfolio) **Article for the School Magazine: Protecting Lake Baikal** > **Lake Baikal: A Pearl in Need of Care** > > **Where is it?** > Lake Baikal is located in southern Siberia, Russia. It is the world’s deepest, oldest, and most voluminous freshwater lake, holding around 20% of the world's unfrozen surface freshwater. > > **What lives there?** > Baikal is home to more than 2,500 plant and animal species, over 80% of which are endemic (found nowhere else on Earth). Famous inhabitants include the Baikal seal (*nerpa*), the omul salmon, and the giant Baikal sturgeon. > > **What problems has it got?** > The lake faces serious ecological challenges, including industrial waste, untreated sewage from nearby tourist resorts, plastic pollution on the shores, and the threat of illegal overfishing and poaching. > > **What can tourists do to help?** > * Always carry away your rubbish and never leave plastic or glass on the shore. > * Use eco-friendly soaps and avoid washing dishes or cars near the water. > * Stick to marked tourist paths to avoid damaging fragile coastal flora. > * Support local conservation funds and report any illegal poaching or pollution to local rangers. > > *Let’s protect this natural treasure for generations to come!* --- ### Подробное объяснение 1. **Грамматические трансформации (Задание 2 a):** * **1) large $\rightarrow$ largest:** Перед пропуском стоит определенный артикль `the`, а далее указана область сравнения `in the world` — требуется превосходная степень прилагательного (*the largest*). * **2) see $\rightarrow$ be seen:** После модального глагола `can` в значении «риф может быть увиден» (страдательный залог) используется пассивный инфинитив без частицы to: `be + V3` (*can be seen*). * **3) fall $\rightarrow$ have fallen:** Указатель времени `in recent years` (в последние годы) указывает на период времени, связанный с настоящим моментом, что требует формы **Present Perfect** (*have fallen*). * **4) any $\rightarrow$ anyone / anything:** Отрицательная конструкция предложения требует подходящего отрицательного/неопределенного местоимения в роли дополнения (*not pretty for anyone to look at*). * **5) live $\rightarrow$ living:** Причастие настоящего времени образует устойчивое словосочетание «живой организм» (*living organism*). * **6) they $\rightarrow$ their:** Перед существительным *survival* (выживание) требуется притяжательное местоимение (*их выживание* $\rightarrow$ *their survival*). * **7) some $\rightarrow$ someone:** В утвердительной части условного предложения для обозначения «кто-то» используется неопределенное личное местоимение (*If someone offers you...*).