ГДЗ по английскому языку 10 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 76

### Ответ #### 1. What do green plants need to make food? Green plants need **sunlight**, **water**, and **carbon dioxide** (with the help of **chlorophyll** in their leaves) to make food. --- #### 2. Two questions about photosynthesis and answers * **Question 1:** How long has photosynthesis existed on Earth? **Answer:** It has been happening for more than 3 billion years (started by bacteria). * **Question 2:** What are the two stages of photosynthesis? **Answer:** The two stages are the **light reaction** (converting light energy into ATP) and the **dark reaction** (converting carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates using ATP). --- #### 3. a) Matching paragraphs (A–G) with headings (1–8) | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | **3** | **8** | **2** | **1** | **7** | **5** | **4** | *Extra heading:* **6 (A threat to the process)** --- #### 3. b) Explaining the words in bold * **Photosynthesis:** The chemical process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. * **Carbohydrates:** Organic compounds (such as sugars and starches) made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that provide energy for living organisms. * **Chlorophyll:** A green pigment found in plant cells that absorbs light energy from the sun. * **ATP (adenosine triphosphate):** A chemical substance/molecule that stores and provides energy for cellular processes. --- #### 4. Sentence completion Photosynthesis is the production of carbohydrates from **1) carbon dioxide** *(или water)* and **2) water** *(или carbon dioxide)* using **3) light energy** from the sun and **4) chlorophyll** which exists in the cells of green plants. --- #### 5. Project: Notes and Explanation **Notes:** * **The circle of life:** Plants are the base of the food chain; they produce food for themselves and energy for herbivores and carnivores. * **A long history:** Started over 3 billion years ago by ancient bacteria. * **Now for the technical bit:** Chemical equation: $6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{light}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2$. * **The raw materials:** $\text{CO}_2$ (absorbed by leaves), $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ (absorbed by roots), and sunlight (absorbed by chlorophyll). * **Changing the form of energy:** Light reaction — converts solar energy into chemical energy stored in ATP. * **In the dark:** Dark reaction — uses ATP to make carbohydrates from $\text{CO}_2$ and $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ without needing sunlight directly. * **Making life possible:** Provides food for living creatures and oxygen for breathing. **Summary explanation:** > Photosynthesis is a vital biological process. Plants absorb carbon dioxide through leaves and water through roots. Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight. In the first stage (light reaction), light energy is turned into chemical energy (ATP). In the second stage (dark reaction), the plant uses ATP to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce carbohydrates and release oxygen. This process sustains life on Earth by providing food and oxygen. --- ### Пояснения к заданиям 1. **Задание 1:** Определение в рамке указывает, что растения используют солнечный свет (*sunlight*). Из текста также видно, что необходимы вода (*water*), углекислый газ (*carbon dioxide*) и хлорофилл (*chlorophyll*). 2. **Задание 2:** Предложены типичные исследовательские вопросы по тексту и краткие ответы на них на основе фактов из абзацев B, E и F. 3. **Задание 3a:** * **A — 3 (The circle of life):** Говорится о пищевой цепи (*food chain*) и круговороте энергии от растений к животным. * **B — 8 (A long history):** Упоминается возраст процесса — более 3 миллиардов лет назад (*more than 3 billion years ago*). * **C — 2 (Now for the technical bit!):** Приводятся химические термины и формула реакции. * **D — 1 (The raw materials):** Описываются исходные вещества и компоненты (вода, углекислый газ, хлорофилл), необходимые для старта. * **E — 7 (Changing the form of energy):** Описывается переход световой энергии в химическую (*light energy is converted into chemical energy*). * **F — 5 (In the dark):** Речь идет о темновой фазе (*dark reaction*), не требующей прямого света. * **G — 4 (Making life possible):** Подводится итог о значении фотосинтеза для жизни на планете и выделении кислорода. 4. **Задание 4:** По смыслу химической реакции углеводы синтезируются из неорганических веществ (*carbon dioxide*, *water*) при участии энергии солнца (*light energy*) и пигмента (*chlorophyll*).