ГДЗ по английскому языку 10 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 32

### Итоговый ответ #### 1 a. Answers to the questions * **Andrew’s problem:** He is always broke (has no money) and wants to go out shopping with his friends, but he cannot find a part-time job in his small town. * **Claire’s suggestion:** She suggests doing odd jobs around his neighbourhood (such as cleaning windows or washing cars) to earn some extra cash. --- #### 1 b. Grammar rules 1. preposition + **-ing form** 2. verb of preference (*like/love/hate/enjoy*) + **-ing form** 3. *would love/like/hate* etc + **to-infinitive** 4. modal verb (*can, will, must* etc) + **infinitive without to** 5. *can't stand/help/imagine, look forward to, don't mind* + **-ing form** 6. *want, can't wait, remind* + **to-infinitive** 7. *let, make* + **infinitive without to** --- #### 2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form 1. Do you mind **helping** me with some jobs today, Sam? *(уже дано в образце)* 2. I'm not keen on **reading** novels. I prefer **watching** TV. 3. I must **finish** this essay tonight. I have to hand it in tomorrow! 4. He left without **saying** goodbye. 5. I'd hate **to do** archery. 6. Brian really enjoys **playing** his guitar. 7. Please let me **go** out tonight! 8. The story made me **cry**. 9. Remind me **to see** to it tomorrow. 10. Would you like **to go** now? --- #### 3. Complete the sentences 1. She never travels by ship. She **hates sailing**. 2. He always works overtime. He **wants to work long hours** *(или: **likes working long hours**)*. 3. Mary is afraid of large groups. She **likes / enjoys being alone**. 4. Bob is never late. He **likes being on time**. 5. You decide! I **don't mind eating Chinese or Indian food**. --- #### 4. Make true sentences about yourself (Sample answers) * **look forward to:** I am **looking forward to travelling** abroad this summer. * **can't help:** I **can't help laughing** when I watch that comedy show. * **don't mind:** I **don't mind helping** my parents around the house. * **can't imagine:** I **can't imagine living** without my smartphone. * **can:** I **can speak** two foreign languages. * **let:** My parents **let me stay** up late at weekends. * **want:** I **want to enter** university after school. * **Fancy:** Do you **fancy going** to the cinema tonight? --- #### 5 a. Word formation (Advert) 1. **Action** 2. **competition** 3. **excitement** 4. **selection** 5. **accommodation** --- #### 5 b. Nouns and sample sentences 1. **amaze** $\rightarrow$ **amazement** — *John looked at Tim in amazement.* 2. **educate** $\rightarrow$ **education** — *Higher education is very important for a successful career.* 3. **collect** $\rightarrow$ **collection** — *My brother has an impressive collection of coins.* 4. **depend** $\rightarrow$ **dependence** — *The country is trying to reduce its dependence on oil.* 5. **achieve** $\rightarrow$ **achievement** — *Winning the competition was a great achievement for our team.* 6. **suggest** $\rightarrow$ **suggestion** — *Thank you for your helpful suggestion.* 7. **recover** $\rightarrow$ **recovery** — *We all wish you a speedy recovery.* 8. **agree** $\rightarrow$ **agreement** — *They finally signed a trade agreement.* --- ### Подробное объяснение и правила #### Задания 1a, 1b и 2: Герундий (*-ing form*), инфинитив с частицей *to* и голый инфинитив (*bare infinitive*) 1. **-ing form (герундий)** используется: * после предлогов (*on, without, about, in* и др.) $\rightarrow$ *keen on reading*, *without saying*; * после глаголов предпочтения (*like, love, enjoy, hate, prefer*), когда речь идет об общем отношении $\rightarrow$ *enjoys playing*, *prefer watching*; * после устойчивых выражений: *don't mind, can't stand, can't help, look forward to, can't imagine, fancy*. 2. **to-infinitive (инфинитив с to)** используется: * после конструкций с *would* (*would like, would love, would hate, would prefer*); * после глаголов волеизъявления и намерения: *want, decide, hope, can't wait, remind, agree*. 3. **Infinitive without to (голый инфинитив)** используется: * после модальных глаголов (*can, must, should, will, might* и др.) $\rightarrow$ *must finish*; * после глаголов *let* (позволять) и *make* (заставлять) в активном залоге $\rightarrow$ *let me go*, *made me cry*. #### Задание 5: Словообразование (Образование абстрактных существительных) Абстрактные существительные образуются от глаголов с помощью суффиксов: * **-ion / -ation / -ition:** *act $\rightarrow$ action*, *compete $\rightarrow$ competition*, *select $\rightarrow$ selection*, *educate $\rightarrow$ education*, *collect $\rightarrow$ collection*, *suggest $\rightarrow$ suggestion*; * **-ment:** *excite $\rightarrow$ excitement*, *accommodate $\rightarrow$ accommodation* (в 5a) / *achieve $\rightarrow$ achievement*, *agree $\rightarrow$ agreement*; * **-ence:** *depend $\rightarrow$ dependence*; * **-y:** *recover $\rightarrow$ recovery*.