ГДЗ по английскому языку 10 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 153

### Итоговый ответ #### 1. Answer to the question based on the pie chart The world uses **fossil fuels** the most to produce electricity (**64%** in total: Coal — 39%, Gas — 15%, Oil — 10%). Among individual energy sources, **coal** is used the most (**39%**). --- #### 2. a) Questions and Reading Comprehension * **Two questions:** 1. *How can we use solar energy to generate electricity?* 2. *What is a wind farm?* * **Answers from the text:** 1. Solar cells can convert sunlight directly into electricity, or solar power stations can use the sun's heat to create steam that drives a generator. 2. A wind farm is a group of wind turbines built together in a windy area to produce electricity. * **What else I learned:** * Enough solar energy hits the Earth every single minute to power our entire world for a year. * Hydroelectric power stations produce large amounts of energy very cheaply. --- #### 2. b) Word Formation / Grammar (Gaps 1–10) 1. **burning** 2. **renewable** 3. **them** 4. **pollution** 5. **hits** 6. **directly** 7. **generator** 8. **building** 9. **windy** 10. **cheaply** **Explanation of key vocabulary (words in bold):** * **fossil fuels** — fuels such as coal, gas, and oil formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals. *(ископаемое топливо)* * **renewable** — energy sources that are naturally replaced and never run out. *(возобновляемый)* * **solar cells** — devices that convert sunlight into electric current. *(солнечные батареи / фотоэлементы)* * **steam** — hot water vapour produced by boiling water. *(пар)* * **generator** — a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. *(генератор)* * **wind turbines** — tall structures with propellers turned by the wind to generate electricity. *(ветряные турбины)* * **wind farm** — an area with many wind turbines operating together. *(ветряная электростанция)* * **dam** — a large barrier built across a river to hold back water. *(плотина / дамба)* * **reservoir** — an artificial lake used to store water. *(водохранилище)* --- #### 3. Two-minute talk on Alternative Energy **Notes:** * *Problem:* 64% of energy comes from fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) $\rightarrow$ non-renewable and cause pollution. * *Solar power:* huge potential (1 minute of sunlight = 1 year of global energy); rooftop solar cells, solar thermal stations. * *Wind power:* wind turbines on wind farms generate clean power via rotating propellers. * *Water power:* hydroelectric dams use flowing water to drive turbines cheaply and reliably. **Talk:** > Nowadays, about 64% of the world's electricity comes from burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas. These resources are limited, non-renewable, and severely pollute our environment. Therefore, switching to alternative energy sources is essential. > > Firstly, **solar power** has immense potential. Just one minute of sunlight hitting the Earth could power the globe for an entire year. We can capture it using rooftop solar panels or large-scale solar power stations. > > Secondly, **wind power** is widely used through wind farms — collections of tall turbines whose propellers turn generators when the wind blows. > > Finally, **hydroelectric power** uses dams to direct flowing water through turbines, generating electricity cleanly and cost-effectively. > > In conclusion, investing in renewable energy is our only way to secure a clean and sustainable future. --- #### 4. ICT Project: Energy Sources in Russia * **Thermal Power (Fossil Fuels — Natural Gas & Coal):** accounts for approximately **60–65%** of Russia's total electricity generation. * **Hydroelectric Power (Water):** accounts for about **18–20%**, generated mainly by massive dams on Siberian and Volga rivers. * **Nuclear Power:** generates around **19–20%** of electricity. * **Renewable Sources (Solar & Wind):** rapidly developing (around **1–2%**), with new wind parks in the South (Rostov, Adygea) and solar plants in sunny regions (Orenburg, Astrakhan, Altai). --- ### Подробный разбор и грамматический комментарий к заданию 2 (b) 1. **burning** — после предлога (*from*) глагол используется в форме герундия (*-ing*). 2. **renewable** — образование прилагательного от глагола *renew* при помощи суффикса *-able* (по смыслу: «возобновляемый»). 3. **them** — замена личного местоимения *they* на объектное местоимение *them*, так как оно выполняет функцию дополнения после глагола (*burned them all up*). 4. **pollution** — образование существительного от глагола *pollute* с помощью суффикса *-tion* («загрязнение»). Стоит в однородном ряду с существительным *waste*. 5. **hits** — время *Present Simple*, выражающее научный факт. Подлежащее *energy* — неисчисляемое (3-е лицо, ед. число), поэтому к глаголу добавляется окончание *-s* (*-es*). 6. **directly** — образование наречия от прилагательного *direct* с помощью суффикса *-ly* («напрямую/непосредственно»). Наречие характеризует действие глагола *convert*. 7. **generator** — существительное, обозначающее прибор/устройство, образовано от глагола *generate* с помощью суффикса *-or*. 8. **building** — после предлога *by* используется герундий (*-ing*). 9. **windy** — образование прилагательного от существительного *wind* с помощью суффикса *-y* («ветреный»): *a windy place*. 10. **cheaply** — наречие, образованное от прилагательного *cheap* при помощи суффикса *-ly*, определяет глагол *produce* («производить очень дешево»).