ГДЗ по английскому языку 10 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 97

### Итоговый ответ #### 1. Imagining the Scene * **1 Where are you? Who with?** — I am at the seaside / on a sandy beach with my family and friends. * **2 What are you doing?** — I am sunbathing, swimming in the sea, and building sandcastles. * **3 What’s the weather like?** — The weather is warm, sunny, and breezy. * **4 Do you like it?** — Yes, I like it very much because it is relaxing and fun. --- #### 2. Relating the Items to the Scene and Text * **Broken glass, drinks cans, plastic bags, food wrappers:** People often bring drinks and snacks to the beach and leave their rubbish behind. In the text, these items are washed or blown into the sea, turning into dangerous marine litter that can injure animals and people. * **Plastic buckets & spades, beach balls:** These are typical beach toys used by children. In the text, they can be forgotten on the beach, end up in the ocean, and become part of marine litter. * **Fishing net:** It is used for fishing near the coast. In the text, discarded fishing nets trap marine animals, causing severe injuries and preventing them from swimming or feeding. --- #### 3. Questions, Vocabulary & Memory Check **Answers to the questions:** 1. **What is marine litter?** Marine litter is any human-made waste (such as plastic bags, food wrappers, cans, broken glass, fishing nets, and abandoned toys) that is dropped on beaches, comes from ships, drains, or factories, and ends up in the sea. 2. **In which two ways does marine litter harm wildlife? Why?** First, animals get tangled up / caught in litter (like fishing nets or plastic rings), which causes injury and prevents them from finding food or swimming away from predators. Second, animals confuse litter for food and eat it (e.g., turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish), which fills up their digestive system and leads to starvation. 3. **How can litter harm people?** People can cut themselves on sharp broken glass or metal cans left on the sand or in the water. Marine litter can also tangle in and block boat propellers, creating dangerous situations at sea and leading to costly repairs. 4. **List three ways we can help solve the problem:** * Always take all our litter home from the beach. * Pick up any other litter we see around us on the shore. * Organise or participate in a Beach Clean-up Day. --- **Explaining words in bold (from the text):** * **drains** — pipes or channels that carry away waste water (*стоки, водосточные трубы*). * **curious** — interested in learning or seeing something new (*любопытный*). * **examine** — look at something closely and carefully (*исследовать, изучать*). * **mixed up** — caught or tangled in something (*запутавшийся*). * **injury** — physical damage or harm to the body (*травма, повреждение*). * **confuse** — mistakenly think that one thing is another (*путать, принимать за что-то другое*). * **digestive system** — the internal organs that process food in the body (*пищеварительная система*). * **full** — unable to take in more food (*сытый, заполненный*). * **starves** — suffers or dies from lack of food (*голодает, умирает от голода*). * **threatened** — at risk of becoming endangered or extinct (*находящийся под угрозой*). * **endangered species** — animals or plants that are in danger of extinction (*исчезающие / вымирающие виды*). * **cut** — injure oneself with something sharp (*порезаться*). * **block** — obstruct or stop something from moving (*блокировать, засорять*). * **propellers** — rotating blades that make a boat move (*гребные винты*). * **repair** — fix something that is damaged or broken (*чинить, ремонтировать*). * **solution** — a way of dealing with and solving a problem (*решение*). --- **Three things I remember from the text:** 1. About 100,000 marine mammals and almost 1,000,000 seabirds die every year because of marine litter. 2. Sea turtles often mistake floating plastic bags for jellyfish and eat them. 3. We should always take our rubbish home and help keep beaches clean. --- #### 4. ICT Project: Marine Litter Leaflet ```text =================================================================== SAVE OUR SEAS! STOP MARINE LITTER BEFORE IT'S TOO LATE =================================================================== [PICTURE: A sea turtle swimming near a discarded plastic bag] WHAT IS MARINE LITTER? Every year, millions of tons of plastic, metal, and other waste enter our oceans from beaches, drains, ships, and factories. HOW DOES IT HARM WILDLIFE? • Entanglement: Seals, dolphins, and birds get trapped in old nets and plastic rings, leading to injuries and drowning. • Starvation: Turtles and seabirds mistake plastic bags and caps for food, which fills their stomachs and causes them to starve. HOW DOES IT HARM PEOPLE? • Beachgoers can suffer serious cuts from broken glass and sharp cans. • Boat engines and propellers get damaged, causing expensive repairs. WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT IT? ✔ Take your trash home: Leave nothing behind on the beach. ✔ Reduce single-use plastics: Switch to reusable bottles and bags. ✔ Join a beach clean-up: Help clean local shores and rivers. BE PART OF THE SOLUTION, NOT THE POLLUTION! =================================================================== ``` --- #### GREEN Wisdom > *"It is our responsibilities, not ourselves, that we should take seriously."* — Sir Peter Ustinov **Meaning:** We should not be focused purely on ourselves, but instead take full responsibility for our actions and the impact we have on the environment and our planet. --- ### Подробное объяснение и подсказки 1. **Упражнение 1** нацелено на развитие воображения и навыков устной речи. Опишите звуки моря (шум волн, крики чаек, голоса детей) и постройте связное высказывание с использованием *Present Continuous* (для действий в данный момент) и *Present Simple* (для описания погоды и отношения). 2. **Упражнение 2** подготавливает к восприятию текста. Все перечисленные предметы связаны с пляжным отдыхом и бытовым мусором, который люди оставляют после себя (*leave behind*). В тексте они показаны как источники глобального загрязнения океана. 3. **Упражнение 3** проверяет понимание прочитанного (*Reading for specific information*): * Ответы формулируются на основе фактов из текста (например, 100 000 млекопитающих и 1 миллион птиц погибают ежегодно). * При объяснении слов используйте синонимы или краткие определения на английском языке (*English-English definitions*), что развивает языковую догадку. 4. **Упражнение 4 (Проект)** оформляется в виде информационной листовки (буклета): заголовок с призывом, краткие разделы с маркерами списка (*bullet points*), понятные слоганы и иллюстрации.