ГДЗ по английскому языку 10 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 64

### Итоговые ответы к упражнениям (Spotlight 10, стр. 64) --- #### Exercise 1 **Sentences using Reduce / Reuse / Recycle:** * **Reduce:** * We should reduce energy consumption. * We should reduce the burning of oil and coal. * We should reduce rubbish. * We should reduce the use of cars. * We should reduce paper consumption. * We should reduce excessive packaging. * **Reuse:** * We should reuse old tins, shoe boxes, jars and bottles. * We should reuse writing paper. * We should reuse fruit and vegetable peelings (for compost). * We should reuse water. * We should reuse old towels, sheets and clothes. * **Recycle:** * We should recycle glass. * We should recycle aluminium. * We should recycle paper. * We should recycle plastic. --- #### Exercise 2 **a) Answers to questions:** * **Writer's purpose:** The writer's purpose is to inform readers about the importance of protecting the environment and to give practical advice on how to reduce waste using the 3Rs rule (*Reduce, Reuse, Recycle*). * **Expectations:** I expect to learn useful tips and everyday habits that help eliminate waste at home, at school, and while shopping. **b) Matching paragraphs to headings:** | A | B | C | D | E | F | | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: | | **7** | **6** | **1** | **4** | **2** | **5** | *(Extra heading: **3** — STOP USING PLASTIC CONTAINERS)* --- #### Exercise 3 1. **rinse** 2. **encourage** 3. **create** 4. **wrapped** 5. **energy** 6. **campaign** 7. **swap** 8. **decompose** 9. **replace** --- #### Exercise 4 **Matching phrasal verbs with meanings:** * **put in the bin** $\rightarrow$ **throw away** * **wear** $\rightarrow$ **put on** * **think of** $\rightarrow$ **come up with** * **lower** $\rightarrow$ **turn down** * **stop sth working** $\rightarrow$ **switch off** * **reduce** $\rightarrow$ **cut down on** **Example sentences:** 1. You shouldn't **throw away** things that can be repaired. 2. If you are cold, **put on** a warm sweater instead of turning up the heating. 3. Our class has **come up with** a great eco-project. 4. Please **turn down** the music; it's too loud. 5. Always **switch off** the computer before going to bed. 6. We must **cut down on** our plastic use to save the oceans. --- #### Exercise 5 **Notes under headings:** * **Reduce:** switch off lights and appliances, take shorter showers, buy less, choose items with less packaging, cut down on paper. * **Reuse:** repair broken items, make compost from vegetable peelings, turn old jeans into shorts, reuse glass jars/bottles and lunchboxes, swap books and clothes. * **Recycle:** paper, glass, plastic bottles, aluminium cans. **Discussion (Dialogue):** * **A:** I always switch off the lights when I leave a room so as to reduce energy consumption. * **B:** Me too. I also reuse empty glass jars to store pencils and small items. * **A:** That’s a good idea! I try to reduce packaging waste by taking my own reusable bag when I go grocery shopping. --- #### Exercise 6 **Eco-Quiz: How Green Are You?** 1. **You are packing your lunch for school. What do you pack?** * a) A sandwich in a reusable lunchbox and juice in a refillable bottle. *(2 points)* * b) A sandwich in a plastic bag and a carton of juice with a plastic straw. *(0 points)* 2. **You leave your room for a few hours. What do you do with the lights and computer?** * a) Leave them on; it doesn't matter. *(0 points)* * b) Switch everything off to save electricity. *(2 points)* 3. **You have finished reading a magazine. What do you do with it?** * a) Throw it in the general waste bin. *(0 points)* * b) Swap it with a friend or put it into a paper recycling bin. *(2 points)* 4. **Your favourite jeans have got a hole in the knee. What do you do?** * a) Throw them away and buy a new pair. *(0 points)* * b) Patch them up or cut them into shorts. *(2 points)* **Results:** * **6–8 points:** Excellent! You are a true eco-hero. * **2–4 points:** Good job, but you can do more to help the planet. * **0 points:** Time to learn about the 3Rs and change your habits! --- ### Подробный разбор и пояснения 1. **Exercise 1 (Модальный глагол *should*):** Для выражения совета и рекомендации используется конструкция: $$\text{Subject} + \mathbf{should} + \text{Verb (V1)} + \text{Object}$$ * *Reduce* сочетается с абстрактными понятиями потребления и отходами (*water, energy, rubbish, use of cars, paper consumption, packaging*). * *Reuse* сочетается с предметами многократного использования (*boxes, jars, clothes, peelings for compost*). * *Recycle* относится к сырью и материалам (*glass, aluminium, paper, plastic*). 2. **Exercise 2 (Reading & Matching):** * **A $\rightarrow$ 7 (CHOOSE TO REUSE):** Речь идет о починке вещей, повторном использовании банок и переделке старых джинсов в шорты. * **B $\rightarrow$ 6 (TURN IT DOWN OR SWITCH IT OFF):** Советы выключать свет и плиту (*switch off*), а также убавлять отопление (*turn down*). * **C $\rightarrow$ 1 (BE A LEAN, GREEN SHOPPING MACHINE):** Советы для походов по магазинам: список покупок, правило 30 дней, многоразовые сумки. * **D $\rightarrow$ 4 (PUT PACKAGING ON A DIET):** Советы выбирать товары с минимумом упаковки и брать еду в многоразовых контейнерах. * **E $\rightarrow$ 2 (SAVE ON PAPER):** Советы по сокращению расхода бумаги (проверка на экране, двусторонняя печать). * **F $\rightarrow$ 5 (GET OTHERS INVOLVED):** Призыв вовлекать друзей, меняться вещами и запустить школьную кампанию. 3. **Exercise 3 (Слова из текста):** * 1. *rinse* (смывать, ополаскивать) — *rinse the shampoo out*. * 2. *encourage* (поощрять, вдохновлять) — *encourage somebody to do something*. * 3. *create* (создавать, порождать) — *create pollution/waste*. * 4. *wrapped* (завернутый, обернутый) — прошедшая форма глагола *wrap*. * 5. *energy* (энергия, силы). * 6. *campaign* (кампания, программа действий) — *recycling campaign*. * 7. *swap* (обмениваться чем-либо). * 8. *decompose* (разлагаться на химические элементы). * 9. *replace* (заменить кого-то/что-то). 4. **Exercise 4 (Фразовые глаголы):** * *throw away* — выбрасывать в мусор (*put in the bin*). * *put on* — надевать на себя (*wear*). * *come up with* — придумать мысль/идею (*think of*). * *turn down* — убавить громкость или температуру (*lower*). * *switch off* — выключить прибор (*stop sth working*). * *cut down on* — сократить потребление (*reduce*).