ГДЗ по английскому языку 10 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 57

### Итоговый ответ #### 1 a * **Start school:** at the age of 5 (Kindergarten) / 6 (Elementary School). * **Go to junior high / middle school:** at the age of 11 or 12 (Grades 6–8 / 7–8). * **Go to senior high school:** at the age of 14 (Grade 9 / Freshman year). * **Leave school:** at the age of 17 or 18 (Grade 12 / Senior year). --- #### 1 b **Comparison Table (USA vs. Russia):** | Stage of Education | USA | Russia | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Start school** | Age 5–6 (Kindergarten / Grade 1) | Age 6–7 (Grade 1) | | **Primary / Elementary** | Elementary School (Ages 6–11, Grades 1–5/6) | Primary School (Ages 7–11, Grades 1–4) | | **Middle / Junior High** | Middle / Junior High (Ages 11/12–14, Grades 6/7–8) | Basic General School (Ages 11–15, Grades 5–9) | | **Senior High School** | Senior High School (Ages 14–17/18, Grades 9–12) | Senior Secondary School (Ages 15–17/18, Grades 10–11) | | **Leaving age** | Age 17–18 (Grade 12) | Age 17–18 (Grade 11) | --- #### 2 * **What is the leaflet about?** The leaflet is about an exchange programme for foreign students aged 14 to 17 who want to spend a year studying at an American senior high school. * **What is life in an American high school like?** Life in an American high school is active, dynamic, and diverse. Students have an informal relationship with teachers, can choose unusual subjects (like drama or journalism), travel by yellow school buses, store their things in lockers, and actively take part in sports, clubs, and social events like the prom. --- #### 3 a (Word Formation) 1. **relaxed** *(A relaxed and informal teaching style...)* 2. **discussions** *(...take part in class discussions.)* 3. **educational** *(The American educational system...)* 4. **locker** *(...put away your coat and lunch in your locker.)* 5. **performance** *(Your grades will depend on your performance...)* 6. **sporty** *(If you're not the sporty type...)* --- #### 3 b (Vocabulary Explanation) * **exchange programme** — a programme where students study abroad and live with a host family *(программа студенческого обмена)*. * **driving licence** — an official document permitting a person to drive a motor vehicle *(водительские права)*. * **report card** — a document sent to parents showing a student’s marks and progress *(табель успеваемости)*. * **cheerleading** — a team activity combining dance, gymnastics, and cheering on sports teams *(черлидинг)*. * **prom** — a formal dance party held at the end of high school for seniors *(выпускной бал)*. *Words similar in Russian:* **programme** (программа), **licence** (лицензия), **card** (карта/карточка), **cheerleading** (черлидинг), **project** (проект), **drama** (драма). --- #### 4 (Sample Dialogue) **A:** Would you like to spend a year at an American senior high school? **B:** I think I would! I’d really like to experience their informal teaching style and try subjects we don't have here, such as drama or journalism. I'd also love to go to an American prom. **A:** What about things you might not like? **B:** Well, I might miss my family and friends, and it could be difficult to adapt to a completely new grading system at first. --- #### 5 (Portfolio: Leaflet) ```markdown ===================================================== EXPERIENCE RUSSIA: SPEND A YEAR IN OUR SCHOOL! ===================================================== Are you looking for a unique cultural and educational experience? Come and join our school for an unforgettable year! 📚 SUBJECTS & ACADEMIC LIFE Our curriculum offers strong academic knowledge in mathematics, sciences, literature, foreign languages, and history. You will also have opportunities to do research projects and work in modern IT labs. ⏰ A TYPICAL DAY * School starts at 8:30 am. * You will have 6 to 7 lessons per day. * Enjoy hot and tasty traditional lunches in our school canteen. * Chat with friendly classmates and improve your Russian every single day! ⚽ SPORTS & EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES * Join our sports teams: football, volleyball, basketball, or table tennis. * Participate in school theatre, choir, robotics, and chess clubs. * Take part in our annual school concerts, fairs, and the graduation ball! Live with a warm and welcoming host family and make friends for life! ===================================================== ``` --- ### Подробное объяснение и правила 1. **Задание 3 a (Словообразование):** * **1. relax $\rightarrow$ relaxed:** Перед существительным (*teaching style*) и в паре с прилагательным *informal* требуется причастие/прилагательное с пассивным значением «непринужденный, расслабленный» (*relaxed*). * **2. discuss $\rightarrow$ discussions:** После существительного-определения *class* необходимо существительное. Поскольку речь идет об обсуждениях в целом, ставится форма множественного числа (*discussions*). * **3. educate $\rightarrow$ educational:** Перед существительным *system* требуется прилагательное «образовательный» с суффиксом *-al* (*educational*). * **4. lock $\rightarrow$ locker:** По контексту («положить пальто и ланч в свой...») требуется существительное, обозначающее индивидуальный запирающийся шкафчик (*locker*). * **5. perform $\rightarrow$ performance:** После притяжательного местоимения *your* нужно существительное «успеваемость / результаты / работа» с суффиксом *-ance* (*performance*). * **6. sport $\rightarrow$ sporty:** В сочетании со словом *type* для характеристики человека («спортивный тип») используется прилагательное *sporty* (с суффиксом *-y*). 2. **Задание 3 b:** Большинство терминов американской школьной системы являются интернационализмами или вошли в русский язык в виде прямых заимствований (например, *черлидинг*, *проект*), что облегчает их понимание.