ГДЗ по английскому языку 10 класс Афанасьева Spotlight Базовый уровень страница - 41

Ниже представлены полные ответы и разбор заданий со страницы 41 учебника Spotlight 10 (раздел *Going Green / Clean Air at Home*). --- ### Итоговый ответ #### Exercise 1 * **What is air pollution?** > **Air pollution** is the contamination of the air by harmful substances, gases, dust, and smoke that make it dangerous for plants, animals, and humans to breathe. * **What causes it?** > Almost all of the listed items cause air pollution: **factories, cars, rubbish, cleaning products, insect sprays, and fumes from cooking, cigarettes, and paint**. High temperatures can also worsen air pollution by trapping smog and speeding up chemical reactions in the atmosphere. --- #### Exercise 2 **Answers to the questions:** 1. **What pollutes air indoors?** > Air indoors can be polluted by cleaning products, dust, paint, insect sprays, cigarette smoke, or steam and fumes from cooking. 2. **What happens if we don't allow fresh air into our houses frequently?** > If we don't allow fresh air into our houses frequently, pollutants get trapped inside, which creates conditions for insects, dust mites, and mould to live and grow. 3. **What problems can stale air at home cause?** > Stale air at home can cause breathing problems such as asthma, particularly for people who are allergic to dust. **Explanation of the words in bold:** * **pollutants** — harmful chemicals or substances that make water, air, or land dirty and unsafe (*загрязняющие вещества*). * **dust mites** — microscopic creatures that live in dust and household fabrics (pillows, mattresses) and can cause allergies (*пылевые клещи*). * **mould** — a type of fungal growth that develops on damp walls, food, or surfaces (*плесень*). * **allergic to** — having a medical condition in which you react badly (sneezing, itching, coughing) to a particular substance (*страдающий аллергией на что-либо*). * **stale air** — air that is not fresh, has stayed indoors for a long time, and lacks oxygen (*застоявшийся/спёртый воздух*). --- #### Exercise 3 (Quiz: Keep it Clean and Safe) *(Пример заполнения опросника и подсчета баллов)* 1. Do people smoke cigarettes in your house? — **A (Never)** 2. Do you use water-based cleaning products to clean your house? — **A (Yes, always)** / **B (I try to)** 3. Do you clean your air-conditioning filter? — **A (Yes)** 4. Do you ever enjoy light meals that require little or no cooking, like salads? — **A (Often)** 5. Do you clean bedding and items used by your pets regularly? — **A (Yes, often)** * **Result:** **Mostly As** — *Great work! Your home environment is clean and safe to breathe in.* --- #### Exercise 4 (ICT Portfolio: Two-minute talk) > **Sample Talk:** > > "Hello everyone! Today, I’d like to talk about air pollution and how we can keep the air inside our homes clean and safe. > > When people hear the term 'air pollution', they usually picture heavy factory smoke and car exhausts. However, air pollution is any contamination of the air by toxic substances, and it happens indoors just as much as outdoors. In fact, the products we use every day — such as aerosol insect sprays, chemical cleaning products, paint fumes, and steam from cooking — release harmful pollutants into our living spaces. > > When we keep our windows and doors tightly shut to keep our homes warm in winter or cool in summer, we trap these harmful substances inside. Over time, this stale air promotes the growth of mould and dust mites, which can trigger severe breathing issues and illnesses like asthma. > > Fortunately, there are several simple steps we can take to improve indoor air quality: > 1. **Aerate regularly:** Open doors and windows for 5–10 minutes 2 to 3 times a day to let fresh air circulate. > 2. **Choose eco-friendly products:** Switch to natural, water-based cleaning products instead of harsh chemicals. > 3. **Ban indoor smoking:** Never allow smoking inside the house. > 4. **Keep fabrics clean:** Wash bedding and pet blankets frequently at high temperatures to eliminate dust mites. > > By following these simple habits, we can ensure our homes remain healthy environments for everyone. Thank you for listening!" --- #### GREEN wisdom > **"There's so much pollution in the air now that if it weren't for our lungs, there would be no place to put it all."** — *Robert Orben* > > **Перевод:** «Сейчас в воздухе так много загрязнений, что, если бы не наши лёгкие, их просто некуда было бы девать». > > **Смысл высказывания:** Автор с горькой иронией подчёркивает, что человек вдыхает колоссальное количество загрязняющих веществ, фильтруя их собственным организмом, и призывает задуматься о масштабе экологической катастрофы. --- ### Пояснение и грамматический комментарий * **Условные предложения (Conditionals):** * В цитате *GREEN wisdom* используется **Second Conditional** (нереальное условие в настоящем): `if it weren't for ..., there would be ...` (Если бы не..., то было бы...). * Во 2-м вопросе Exercise 2 используется **First / Zero Conditional**: `What happens if we don't allow fresh air...?` (Что происходит, если мы не проветриваем...?). * **Модальные глаголы рекомендаций:** * Для советов по очистке воздуха используется глагол **should**: `You should open the doors and windows...` (*Вам следует открывать двери и окна...*).