ГДЗ по английскому языку 8 класс Ваулина рабочая тетрадь Spotlight страница - 42

### Ответ к заданиям --- #### 1. Rewrite the sentences in the Passive Voice. 1. **This fax should be sent right away.** 2. **Who was the music for *West Side Story* written by?** 3. **Were DVDs invented in 1970?** 4. **A new jewellery collection will be designed by Leetal Kalmanson.** 5. **The new theatre will be opened by the mayor on Thursday.** 6. **He was named after his grandfather by his parents.** *(или: He was named after his grandfather.)* 7. **Her book will be translated into Russian.** 8. **Coffee is grown in Brazil.** --- #### 2. Write questions and answers in the Passive Voice, as in the example. 1. **c** — *Who was 'Great Expectations' written by?* / *'Great Expectations' was written by Charles Dickens.* 2. **e** — **When was the Leaning Tower of Pisa completed?** **The Leaning Tower of Pisa was completed in the 14th century.** *(или: It was completed in the 14th century.)* 3. **a** — **Where was the Eiffel Tower constructed?** **The Eiffel Tower was constructed in France.** *(или: It was constructed in France.)* 4. **b** — **Who were the Sherlock Holmes stories written by?** **The Sherlock Holmes stories were written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.** *(или: They were written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.)* 5. **d** — **Where was the first spacecraft launched?** **The first spacecraft was launched in Russia.** *(или: It was launched in Russia.)* --- #### 3. Rewrite the newspaper headlines as complete sentences. Use the Passive Voice. 1. A five-day strike will be held by city workers. 2. **The Philippines was hit by an earthquake during the night.** *(или: The Philippines were hit...)* 3. **A famous singer has been taken to hospital.** *(или: A famous singer was taken to hospital.)* 4. **Armed robbers have still not been caught.** 5. **Money is being raised for a baby's operation in Russia.** --- #### 4. Match the statements (1–5) to the responses (a–e) and fill in the gaps with the causative form. * **1 — c:** Thanks! I **had them taken** by a professional photographer. * **2 — e:** She’s at the hairdresser’s. She **is having her hair dyed**. * **3 — d:** Yes, he’s at the mechanic’s. He **has been having his car serviced** *(или: **is having his car serviced**)* for over two hours. * **4 — a:** You should **have it checked** by a technician. * **5 — b:** Luckily, we **are having it fixed** *(или: **will have it fixed**)* tomorrow. --- ### Объяснение и правила #### 1. Страдательный залог (Passive Voice) Пассивный залог образуется по формуле: **глагол `to be` в нужном времени + `V3` (третья форма смыслового глагола / причастие прошедшего времени)**. Если важно указать исполнителя действия, используется предлог **`by`**. * **Модальные глаголы:** `should send` $\rightarrow$ `should be sent`. * **Вопросы в Past Simple:** * `Who wrote ...?` $\rightarrow$ `Who was ... written by?` * `Did they invent ...?` $\rightarrow$ `Were ... invented?` * **Future Simple:** `will design` $\rightarrow$ `will be designed`. * **Present Simple:** `grow` $\rightarrow$ `is grown` (слово *coffee* неисчисляемое, поэтому используется *is*). #### 2. Составление вопросов и ответов (Past Simple Passive) Для событий в прошлом используется форма **was / were + V3**: * Для подлежащего в единственном числе (*The Leaning Tower of Pisa, the Eiffel Tower, the first spacecraft*) используется **was**. * Для подлежащего во множественном числе (*the Sherlock Holmes stories*) используется **were**. #### 3. Преобразование газетных заголовков В заголовках часто опускаются вспомогательные глаголы и артикли: * Прошедшее конкретное событие (*HIT*) $\rightarrow$ Past Simple Passive: **was hit**. * Недавняя новость (*TAKEN*, *STILL NOT CAUGHT*) $\rightarrow$ Present Perfect Passive: **has been taken**, **have still not been caught**. * Действие, происходящее прямо сейчас (*BEING RAISED*) $\rightarrow$ Present Continuous Passive: **is being raised**. #### 4. Каузативная форма (Causative Form) Каузативная конструкция используется, когда действие выполняется кем-то другим для нас или по нашему заказу: $$\textbf{have + дополнение (предмет/лицо) + V3}$$ * **1 $\rightarrow$ c:** Речь идет о сделанных в прошлом фотографиях (*pictures* $\rightarrow$ *them*), поэтому Past Simple: **had them taken**. * **2 $\rightarrow$ e:** Действие происходит в данный момент (парикмахер красит ей волосы) $\rightarrow$ Present Continuous: **is having her hair dyed**. * **3 $\rightarrow$ d:** Указатель времени *for over two hours* указывает на длительность действия $\rightarrow$ Present Perfect Continuous: **has been having his car serviced** (в разговорной речи допустимо Present Continuous: **is having his car serviced**). * **4 $\rightarrow$ a:** После модального глагола *should* используется начальная форма глагола без частицы *to* $\rightarrow$ **have it checked**. * **5 $\rightarrow$ b:** Запланированное на завтра действие $\rightarrow$ Present Continuous для будущего времени: **are having it fixed** (или Future Simple: **will have it fixed**).