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Задание 1. a) $\frac{5a}{15b} = \frac{5}{15} \cdot \frac{a}{b} = \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b} = \frac{a}{3b}$ б) $\frac{3c}{8c} = \frac{3}{8} \cdot \frac{c}{c} = \frac{3}{8} \cdot 1 = \frac{3}{8}$ в) $\frac{b}{12b} = \frac{1}{12} \cdot \frac{b}{b} = \frac{1}{12} \cdot 1 = \frac{1}{12}$ г) $\frac{-6}{18x} = \frac{-6}{18} \cdot \frac{1}{x} = \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{x} = -\frac{1}{3x}$ д) $\frac{ac}{bc} = \frac{a}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{c} = \frac{a}{b} \cdot 1 = \frac{a}{b}$ е) $\frac{xy}{2y} = \frac{x}{2} \cdot \frac{y}{y} = \frac{x}{2} \cdot 1 = \frac{x}{2}$ Задание 2. а) $\frac{3x^2}{7x} = \frac{3}{7} \cdot \frac{x^2}{x} = \frac{3}{7} \cdot x = \frac{3x}{7}$ б) $\frac{8y^3}{15y^4} = \frac{8}{15} \cdot \frac{y^3}{y^4} = \frac{8}{15} \cdot \frac{1}{y} = \frac{8}{15y}$ в) $\frac{4z^2}{-8z^3} = \frac{4}{-8} \cdot \frac{z^2}{z^3} = -\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{z} = -\frac{1}{2z}$ г) $\frac{2a^5}{a^4} = 2 \cdot \frac{a^5}{a^4} = 2 \cdot a = 2a$ д) $\frac{-14b^2}{21b^4} = \frac{-14}{21} \cdot \frac{b^2}{b^4} = -\frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{b^2} = -\frac{2}{3b^2}$ е) $\frac{27c^6}{45c} = \frac{27}{45} \cdot \frac{c^6}{c} = \frac{3}{5} \cdot c^5 = \frac{3c^5}{5}$ Задание 3. а) $\frac{a^2b^5}{ab^7} = \frac{a^2}{a} \cdot \frac{b^5}{b^7} = a \cdot \frac{1}{b^2} = \frac{a}{b^2}$ б) $\frac{-63xy^5}{81xy^4} = \frac{-63}{81} \cdot \frac{x}{x} \cdot \frac{y^5}{y^4} = -\frac{7}{9} \cdot 1 \cdot y = -\frac{7y}{9}$ в) $\frac{30a^2c^3}{48a^3c^2} = \frac{30}{48} \cdot \frac{a^2}{a^3} \cdot \frac{c^3}{c^2} = \frac{5}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{a} \cdot c = \frac{5c}{8a}$ г) $\frac{111p^6q^6}{37p^4q^4} = \frac{111}{37} \cdot \frac{p^6}{p^4} \cdot \frac{q^6}{q^4} = 3 \cdot p^2 \cdot q^2 = 3p^2q^2$ Задание 2. 1) a) $\frac{b}{a^2} = \frac{b \cdot a^2}{a^2 \cdot a^2} = \frac{ba^2}{a^4}$ б) $\frac{x}{2y} = \frac{x \cdot 2y^2}{2y \cdot 2y^2} = \frac{2xy^2}{4y^3}$ 2) a) $\frac{5}{3a^2b} = \frac{5 \cdot 7ab}{3a^2b \cdot 7ab} = \frac{35ab}{21a^3b^2}$ б) $\frac{3c}{7y^5} = \frac{3c \cdot 2xy}{7y^5 \cdot 2xy} = \frac{6cxy}{14xy^6}$