П.78
а) $0,46 \cdot \frac{3}{23} = \frac{46}{100} \cdot \frac{3}{23} = \frac{2 \cdot 23}{100} \cdot \frac{3}{23} = \frac{6}{100} = 0,06$
б) $5,53 : \frac{7}{9} = \frac{553}{100} \cdot \frac{9}{7} = \frac{79 \cdot 7}{100} \cdot \frac{9}{7} = \frac{711}{100} = 7,11$
в) $\frac{5}{8} - 0,73 = 0,625 - 0,73 = -0,105$
г) $0,289 : \frac{17}{18} = \frac{289}{1000} \cdot \frac{18}{17} = \frac{17 \cdot 17}{1000} \cdot \frac{18}{17} = \frac{306}{1000} = 0,306$
д) $17,17 : 1\frac{5}{12} = 17,17 : \frac{17}{12} = \frac{1717}{100} \cdot \frac{12}{17} = \frac{101 \cdot 17}{100} \cdot \frac{12}{17} = \frac{1212}{100} = 12,12$
е) $343,4 : 14\frac{3}{7} = 343,4 : \frac{101}{7} = \frac{3434}{10} \cdot \frac{7}{101} = \frac{34 \cdot 101}{10} \cdot \frac{7}{101} = \frac{238}{10} = 23,8$
П.79
а) $(3,3)^2 + (-0,3)^2 = 10,89 + 0,09 = 10,98$
б) $(-0,3 + 0,2)^2 = (-0,1)^2 = 0,01$
в) $(-\frac{1}{4})^3 - (\frac{3}{4})^3 = -\frac{1}{64} - \frac{27}{64} = -\frac{28}{64} = -\frac{7}{16}$
г) $(-\frac{1}{6} + \frac{5}{6})^3 = (\frac{4}{6})^3 = (\frac{2}{3})^3 = \frac{8}{27}$
П.80
а) $\frac{3,4 \cdot 10,2}{5,1 \cdot 17} = \frac{3,4 \cdot 10,2}{5,1 \cdot 17} = \frac{2 \cdot 1,7 \cdot 10,2}{5,1 \cdot 17} = \frac{2 \cdot 1,7 \cdot 6 \cdot 1,7}{3 \cdot 1,7 \cdot 17} = \frac{2 \cdot 1,7 \cdot 2}{17} = \frac{6,8}{17} = 0,4$
б) $\frac{5,6 \cdot 1\frac{1}{5}}{20 \cdot 1\frac{6}{9}} = \frac{5,6 \cdot 1,2}{20 \cdot 1\frac{2}{3}} = \frac{6,72}{20 \cdot \frac{5}{3}} = \frac{6,72}{\frac{100}{3}} = 6,72 \cdot 0,03 = 0,2016$
в) $\frac{7,6 \cdot 0,4}{0,12} = \frac{3,04}{0,12} = \frac{304}{12} = \frac{76}{3} = 25\frac{1}{3}$
П.81
а) $3\frac{7}{9} + 1,95 + 6\frac{2}{9} + 5,45 = (3\frac{7}{9} + 6\frac{2}{9}) + (1,95 + 5,45) = 10 + 7,4 = 17,4$
б) $5,1 + \frac{5}{7} + 1\frac{2}{7} + 2,9 = (5,1 + 2,9) + (\frac{5}{7} + 1\frac{2}{7}) = 8 + 2 = 10$
в) $7\frac{17}{20} + 6,625 + 18\frac{15}{40} = 7,85 + 6,625 + 18,375 = 32,85$
г) $2,25 + 7\frac{3}{4} - 6\frac{11}{28} = 2,25 + 7,75 - 6\frac{11}{28} = 10 - 6\frac{11}{28} = 3\frac{17}{28}$
д) $4,2 + 3\frac{5}{26} - (7 - 3,8) = 4,2 + 3\frac{5}{26} - 3,2 = 1 + 3\frac{5}{26} = 4\frac{5}{26}$
е) $33 - (4\frac{5}{7} + 2,87 + 7,13) = 33 - (4\frac{5}{7} + 10) = 33 - 14\frac{5}{7} = 18\frac{2}{7}$
ж) $64 - 7\frac{11}{25} + 23,44 = 64 - 7,44 + 23,44 = 64 + 16 = 80$
з) $3\frac{4}{9} - 1,8 - 1\frac{1}{3} = 3\frac{4}{9} - 1\frac{8}{10} - 1\frac{3}{9} = (3\frac{4}{9} - 1\frac{3}{9}) - 1,8 = 2\frac{1}{9} - 1,8 = 2\frac{1}{9} - 1\frac{4}{5} = \frac{19}{9} - \frac{9}{5} = \frac{95-81}{45} = \frac{14}{45}$
П.82
а) $\frac{1}{2}a + 0,75a - 0,25a = (0,5 + 0,75 - 0,25)a = 1a = 1 \cdot 0,1 = 0,1$
б) $4\frac{1}{3}y + 1\frac{5}{6}y - 3y = (4\frac{2}{6} + 1\frac{5}{6} - 3)y = 3\frac{1}{6}y = \frac{19}{6} \cdot (-4,8) = \frac{19}{6} \cdot (-4\frac{4}{5}) = \frac{19}{6} \cdot (-\frac{24}{5}) = -\frac{19 \cdot 4}{5} = -15,2$
в) $-(8,9c + 3,6c - 9,9c) - 1,8c = -(2,6c) - 1,8c = -4,4c$
При $c = -0,01: -4,4 \cdot (-0,01) = 0,044$
При $c = 0,1: -4,4 \cdot 0,1 = -0,44$
г) $3 - (0,8x - 1,2z - 1,5) - 1,2z = 3 - 0,8x + 1,2z + 1,5 - 1,2z = 4,5 - 0,8x$
При $x = -5, z = -7,7: 4,5 - 0,8 \cdot (-5) = 4,5 + 4 = 8,5$