Решение:
1) $AB$ — отрезок, $K \in AB$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (4,0);
\node[below] at (0,0) {$A$};
\node[below] at (4,0) {$B$};
\node[below] at (1.5,0) {$K$};
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (4,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (1.5,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
2) $PE$ – отрезок, $B \in PE$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (4,0);
\node[below] at (0,0) {$P$};
\node[below] at (4,0) {$E$};
\node[below] at (1.5,0) {$B$};
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (4,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (1.5,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
3) $AK$ — прямая, $C \in AK$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (-1,0) -- (5,0);
\node[below] at (0,0) {$A$};
\node[below] at (2,0) {$K$};
\node[below] at (4,0) {$C$};
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (2,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (4,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
4) $DE$ — прямая, $Q \notin DE$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (-1,0) -- (5,0);
\node[below] at (0,0) {$D$};
\node[below] at (4,0) {$E$};
\node[above] at (2,0.5) {$Q$};
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (4,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (2,0.5) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
5) $a$ — прямая, $N \in a$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (-1,0) -- (5,0);
\node[below] at (2,0) {$N$};
\node[above] at (-0.5,0) {$a$};
\fill (2,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
6) $h$ — прямая, $W \notin h$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (-1,0) -- (5,0);
\node[above] at (-0.5,0) {$h$};
\node[above] at (2,0.5) {$W$};
\fill (2,0.5) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
7) $FE$ — отрезок, $C \in FE$, $P \notin FE$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (4,0);
\node[below] at (0,0) {$F$};
\node[below] at (4,0) {$E$};
\node[below] at (1.5,0) {$C$};
\node[above] at (2,0.5) {$P$};
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (4,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (1.5,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (2,0.5) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
8) $PM$ — отрезок, $V \in PM$, $A \notin PM$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (4,0);
\node[below] at (0,0) {$P$};
\node[below] at (4,0) {$M$};
\node[below] at (1.5,0) {$V$};
\node[above] at (2,0.5) {$A$};
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (4,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (1.5,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (2,0.5) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
9) $AL$ — прямая, $B \in AL$, $X \notin AL$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (-1,0) -- (5,0);
\node[below] at (0,0) {$A$};
\node[below] at (2,0) {$L$};
\node[below] at (1,0) {$B$};
\node[above] at (3,0.5) {$X$};
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (2,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (3,0.5) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
10) $AB$ — отрезок, $CE$ — отрезок, $AB \cap CE = K$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (4,0);
\draw (1,-1) -- (1,1);
\node[below] at (0,0) {$A$};
\node[below] at (4,0) {$B$};
\node[below] at (1,-1) {$C$};
\node[below] at (1,1) {$E$};
\node[above] at (1,0) {$K$};
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (4,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,-1) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,1) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
11) $MN$ и $HD$ — отрезки, $MN \cap HD = U$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (4,0);
\draw (1,-1) -- (1,1);
\node[below] at (0,0) {$M$};
\node[below] at (4,0) {$N$};
\node[below] at (1,-1) {$H$};
\node[below] at (1,1) {$D$};
\node[above] at (1,0) {$U$};
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (4,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,-1) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,1) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
12) $ST$ и $OL$ — отрезки, $ST \cap OL = C$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (4,0);
\draw (1,-1) -- (1,1);
\node[below] at (0,0) {$S$};
\node[below] at (4,0) {$T$};
\node[below] at (1,-1) {$O$};
\node[below] at (1,1) {$L$};
\node[above] at (1,0) {$C$};
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (4,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,-1) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,1) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
13) $p$ — прямая, $DE$ — отрезок, $DE \cap p = A$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (-1,0) -- (5,0);
\draw (1,-1) -- (1,1);
\node[above] at (-0.5,0) {$p$};
\node[below] at (1,-1) {$D$};
\node[below] at (1,1) {$E$};
\node[above] at (1,0) {$A$};
\fill (1,-1) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,1) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
14) $AB$ и $EF$ — прямые, $AB \cap EF = S$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (-1,-1) -- (5,5);
\draw (-1,1) -- (5,-5);
\node[above] at (2,2) {$S$};
\fill (2,2) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
15) Отрезки $AN$ и $AB$, $K \in AN$, $K \notin AB$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (2,0);
\draw (0,0) -- (1,1);
\node[below] at (0,0) {$A$};
\node[below] at (2,0) {$B$};
\node[above] at (1,1) {$N$};
\node[above] at (0.5,0.5) {$K$};
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (2,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,1) circle (2pt);
\fill (0.5,0.5) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
16) $b$ — прямая, $PH$ — отрезок, $PH \cap b = H$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (-1,0) -- (5,0);
\draw (1,-1) -- (1,1);
\node[above] at (-0.5,0) {$b$};
\node[below] at (1,-1) {$P$};
\node[below] at (1,1) {$H$};
\fill (1,-1) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,1) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
17) $TM$, $TC$ и $AB$ — прямые, $TM \cap AB = A$, $TC \cap AB = B$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (4,0);
\draw (0,0) -- (2,2);
\draw (4,0) -- (2,2);
\node[below] at (0,0) {$A$};
\node[below] at (4,0) {$B$};
\node[above] at (2,2) {$T$};
\node[above left] at (0,0) {$TM$};
\node[above right] at (4,0) {$TC$};
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (4,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (2,2) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```
18) $OD$, $OC$ и $KL$ — прямые, $OD \cap KL = L$, $OC \cap KL = F$:
```
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) -- (4,2);
\draw (1,1) -- (4,0);
\draw (1,1) -- (0,2);
\node[below] at (4,2) {$D$};
\node[below] at (4,0) {$C$};
\node[above] at (0,2) {$O$};
\node[above] at (1,1) {$K$};
\node[below] at (0,0) {$L$};
\node[below] at (3,0) {$F$};
\fill (4,2) circle (2pt);
\fill (4,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (0,2) circle (2pt);
\fill (1,1) circle (2pt);
\fill (0,0) circle (2pt);
\fill (3,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
```